Coins remain a chief source of information on the history of the Indo-Greeks and their successors in Central Asia and India. Large numismatic treasures of extraordinary historic significance were recently found in several sites in Afghanistan and Pakistan, such as Mir Zakah, Ai Khanum, Bajaur, Wesa, Mian Khan Sanghou, Khauzikhelai, Attock, Siranwali and Sarai Saleh.
Geo-archaeological studies provide insight into changing sea levels on the Western Indian coast from the Late Neogene to the Quaternary. Environmental factors like these affected the arrival of early humans in this area in the Middle Pleistocene, as well as their subsequent migration. The analysis of archaeological evidence has revealed that sea levels in the areas of Gujarat and Maharashtra were some metres higher than today during the late Neogene, but have remained relatively stable for the last 2.5 million years.
The introduction of Chinese porcelain in Mesopotamia had important effects on early Islamic ceramics. Potters in Basra imitated the white colour of Chinese porcelain by inventing an opaque white glaze. They also used Chinese shaping and firing techniques and gained inspiration from Chinese designs. The knowledge of Chinese manufacturing techniques probably reached Basra via Muslim merchants in the Far East. Blue and white ceramics from Basra made their way to China, where they probably inspired potters to experiment with blue ink drawings on a white surface.
In the early 1990s, excavations were launched at the Southeast Necropolis in the Syrian city of Palmyra. They revealed two underground tombs, tomb C and F, which have provided insight into funerary architecture and decoration during the 2nd century AD.
A North-South trade route existed in Asia long before the East-West Silk Road appeared: many Chinese items such as mirrors and pieces of silk fabric were found in tombs in Southern Siberia. The Indus River also allowed the existence of a route from China –where the powerful Shule kingdom was located– to India and Pakistan. There are evidences that objects found in Thailand and Japan, such as coins and ornamental plates, were influenced by Chinese and Central Asian handicrafts as well.
The migrations typical for in the Central Asia in the 2 century B.C first ever put in the forefront authentic Turkic-speaking peoples. The origination of Turkic peoples in the history is not attributable to the name or the people of Turk that appeared in the south, near the Great Wall of China in the 5 century A.D. One should therefore not derive ethnic and cultural history of all ancient, medieval and contemporary peoples speaking languages of the Turkic group from this people only.
Turkmenistan’s ceramics industry has increasingly developed during the Neolithic, Eneolithic, and Bronze ages. In the Neolithic ages primitive kinds of pottery images and ornaments emerged. These pottery technics were further developed during the Eneolithic ages and became even more complex in the Bronze Age. Situated both at the heart of the Silk Road and regions of ancient South Turkmenistan did not only conserve its original culture but also enriched itself due to cultural influences and exchanges from surrounding regions.
Governor-generals of Abbasid Egypt that were natives of the Central Asia, played an important role not only in the military and political-administrative spheres but also left their appreciable imprint on the cultural life of the region. These influences are obvious especially in architectural masterpieces, such as mosque of Ibn Tulun, civil buildings, engineering and artistic patterns that brought fame and glory to Egypt.
Orgins of Bozok site in Kazakhstan goes back to the period of Turkic khaganates. The Bozok site is a cult center of early medieval era unify such as other cult-memorial complexes of the eastern and western outskirts of Eurasian steppes. Bozok is a manifestation of the initial period of the development of the Eurasian expanse by Turkic-speaking nomads.
