The Oxapampa-Ashaninka-Yanesha Biosphere Reserve is located in the Department of Pasco in central Peru. It consists of the last undisturbed ecosystems in the central jungle of the country. Its location between the Amazon forest lowland and montane cloud forest results in a high diversity of flora and fauna, and contributes to its high altitudinal range ranging from 300 m to 4,500 m (Nevado de Huaguruncho).
The reserve has a population of approximately 87,000 people and is composed of native communities (Yanesha, Ashaninka and Assheninkas), descendants of European settlers (Austro-German and Swiss), and communities from the Andes, coastal areas and the Amazonian jungle. These communities engage mainly in agriculture and livestock-rearing, although logging and development of handicrafts have gained importance in recent years.
Designation date: 2010
Networks
Regional network: Red de Comités y Reservas de Biosfera de Iberoamérica y el Caribe (IberoMAB)
Ecosystem-based network: Mountains, Tropical Forests and Wetlands
Description
Map
Surface : 1,801,663.58 ha
- Core area(s): 110,658.25 ha
- Buffer zone(s): 1,064,072.25 ha
- Transition zone(s): 626,933.08 ha
Location: 10°35’S – 10°10’S; 75°10’W – 75°45’W
Administrative Authorities
Clever La Torre Moscoso
Presidente del Comité de Coordinación
Alcalde de la Municipalidad distrital de Villarica
Tel.: +51 63-465011
E-mail: info@munivillarica.gob.pe
Cleverlatorre@gmail.com
Fernando Brito De la Fuente
Secretaria General
Gerente de Reserva de Biosfera
Tel.: +51 995 164 118
E-mail: reservadebiosfera@munioxapampa.com
Ecological Characteristics
The Oxapampa-Ashaninka-Yanesha Biosphere Reserve is representative of the Peruvian Upper Amazon Forest region (Tropical Andes) and is situated within the biogeographic province of the Tropical Yungas. The area has a high concentration of species of fauna and flora of restricted distribution and a wide diversity of zones and transitional areas. The transition from Amazon low forest and montane cloud forest, with its uneven physiographic characteristics and high rainfall, has resulted in a complex range of flora including epiphytes, lianas, grasses, shrubs and trees.
Examples of the rich wildlife found in the area include the Andean cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruvianus), white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris), spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), jaguar (Panthera onca) and harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) – the largest predator of treetop fauna and an indicator of the integrity of several ecosystems. The frog Ctenophryne barbatula is found only in the reserve.
Socio-Economic Characteristics
Oxapampa is the name given to the province where descendants of European settlers, Andean migrants and coastal migrants have converged and cohabit with local Yanesha and Ashaninka communities. The present population of the reserve is approximately 87,000 people.
The Yánesha, Asháninka and Ashéninka indigenous communities, which number over 8,000, 10,800 and 99 inhabitants respectively, have lived in the area since time immemorial and earn their livelihoods from fishing and hunting in harmony with nature. Human-induced pressures that threaten the biodiversity of the reserve also endanger their way of life, as natural resources decline and disaster-related risks increase. Such risks include landslides, floods and the intensive use of land and aquatic resources.
In 2013, the Asháninka Association of Integrated and Sustainable Fisheries (APIS), made up of 20 families from the biosphere reserve, established a laboratory to breed paco fingerlings (Piaractus brachypomus) for consumption and sale.
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Last updated: June 2020