Javier Argomaniz is a senior lecturer at the University of Saint Andrews Handa Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV), where he has published widely on the subject of state, non-state and civilian responses to political violence. He has co-directed EU-funded projects on the needs of victims of terrorism and the role of victims in the prevention of conflict. His research has focused on international cooperation against terrorism and, more specifically, how the European Union has responded to transnational threats. He has also published on the social consequences of political violence, the relationship between victimhood and radicalisation and the social and political framing of victims of terrorism. His current work is on the role of civilian actors in preventing violence in conflict settings.