Step 1 Select a dimension of ex/inclusion Open
Multidimensional
Relational
Intersecting risks and drivers
Dynamic
Multi-layered and contextual
ParticipatoryExclusion is relational as both a process and an outcome. As a process, exclusion is about the rupture between individuals, groups and societies. As an outcome, it is about the end result of this rupture when the excluded cannot enjoy shared opportunities and are in a position of relative deprivation as compared to the rest of the society. In other words, both the process of exclusion and its result are about differentiated and unequal relations between the excluded and mainstream society.
Many adopt this approach in their policy actions. The World Health Organization, for example, has used it since 2008 to inform the work of its Commission on Social Determinants of Health. The body developed a policy analysis framework that examines exclusionary processes in four dimensions – social, economic, political and cultural – as drivers of health inequalities. The approach proved useful by shedding light on how and why the excluded have differential access to the resources required to protect their health, and by, subsequently, revealing ways to redress the situation.
The diagnosis and tackling of this relationality is amongst the major policy merits of ex/inclusion. Four markers can assist inclusive policy work in this regard.
Step 2 Select an Inclusive Policy Marker Open
Redressing shortcoming and developing relations between the marginalized and the societies they live in is critical in the context of inclusive agendas. Two key considerations elaborate on why and how it can be done.
Step 3 Select a Policy Design Consideration
Meaningful and sustainable dialogue amongst and between the excluded and the mainstream populations is critical. It can be initiated from various angles and then scaled-up. The inscription process of cultural World Heritage has provided examples of recognition of identity and culture, which then transformed into a richer and more fruitful societal dialogue. The inscription of sites on the World Heritage List, particularly those that have a history of belonging to groups that have historically been marginalized and excluded, enhances the sense of belonging and contributes towards inclusion and social cohesion by according their narratives and stories both global and national recognition (e.g., legitimizing the historical narratives of indigenous communities in New Zealand and Australia).
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