Step 1 Select a dimension of ex/inclusion Open
Multidimensional
Relational
Intersecting risks and drivers
Dynamic
Multi-layered and contextual
ParticipatoryExclusion is dynamic as both a process and a status. Exclusion as a process is about the developments that push individuals towards the margins of a given society. These exclusionary dynamics are highly time- and space-specific; they progress in different ways, are experienced at different degrees and with different intensity, and operate at different social levels. As a status, exclusion reflects the outcomes of that process. The fact that an individual has reached the end point of such a trajectory does not mean that there can be no further movement along the inclusion/exclusion continuum.
Take the example of marginalization associated with stigmatising conditions such as HIV/AIDS. Their exclusionary power differs highly from place to place (e.g., between South Africa and the USA), between socio-economic and ethnic groups, and across time (e.g., consider the status of HIV-positive people three decades ago and today).
Three inclusive policy markers can assist with diagnosing and addressing such dynamics.
Step 2 Select an Inclusive Policy Marker Open
A mix of preventive and reactive measures may be required to prevent regression to the original conditions. Two key points elaborate on why and how these can be done.
Step 3 Select a Policy Design Consideration
Inclusive interventions plan for both proactive and reactive measures. Many existing policies and systems have blind spots and are designed in such a way that they turn their attention to excluded individuals too late to prevent or minimize their exclusion. For instance, young people with drug problems can readily access treatment for drug abuse once they appear on the radar of the specialized agencies, i.e. come to the attention of the criminal justice system due to repeated offending. This happens despite the fact that proactive and earlier-stage interventions are deemed to be more cost effective, efficient and with longer-term results.
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