Step 1 Select a dimension of ex/inclusion Open
Multidimensional
Relational
Intersecting risks and drivers
Dynamic
Multi-layered and contextual
ParticipatoryExclusion is dynamic as both a process and a status. Exclusion as a process is about the developments that push individuals towards the margins of a given society. These exclusionary dynamics are highly time- and space-specific; they progress in different ways, are experienced at different degrees and with different intensity, and operate at different social levels. As a status, exclusion reflects the outcomes of that process. The fact that an individual has reached the end point of such a trajectory does not mean that there can be no further movement along the inclusion/exclusion continuum.
Take the example of marginalization associated with stigmatising conditions such as HIV/AIDS. Their exclusionary power differs highly from place to place (e.g., between South Africa and the USA), between socio-economic and ethnic groups, and across time (e.g., consider the status of HIV-positive people three decades ago and today).
Three inclusive policy markers can assist with diagnosing and addressing such dynamics.
Step 2 Select an Inclusive Policy Marker Open
Building-in duration and tracking the pathways of inequalities and exclusion, especially when it comes to their historical and/or persistent forms, are critical policy steps. Three key points help in this regard.
Step 3 Select a Policy Design Consideration
Sometimes policies need to give special consideration to those who have a historical disadvantage and/or those who, throughout their life course, have experienced particularly long-lasting forms of deprivation. In these cases, inclusive policies deal with persistent and well-entrenched patterns in a given society. These need to be first recognized/acknowledged and subsequently redressed. Affirmative measures - be they “soft” (e.g., recruitment and outreach) or “hard” (e.g., quotas) – are examples of interventions that, in these specific instances, are pursued to promote substantive equality in a shorter timeframes.
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