This article by Shahra Razavi features in the World Social Science Report 2016. Razavi argues that although the evidence for rising income inequality over the past four decades has triggered an array of analytical work, and has also resonated with the wider public, gender inequalities have appeared only tangentially in these largely ‘malestream’ political economy debates. Approaching the issue of inequality from a gender perspective raises a number of different questions which are explored in this contribution. Razavi discusses how a gender perspective broadens the horizon by foregrounding the multidimensional nature of inequality. This involves socioeconomic disadvantage, but also misrecognition as a result of discriminatory social norms and violence, as well as constraints on voice and participation.