This article by Michael Woolcock appears in the World Social Science Report 2016. Woolcock argues that making social policy and implementing social policy are two different things, and to be effective and reduce inequality, inclusive social policies must not only be carefully designed and politically supported, but crucially, they must also be implemented by the agencies designated to do so. He argues that most debates give this issue vastly inadequate attention. This contribution offers two constructive ways in which strategies for enhancing capability for implementation might be enhanced.