ROLE OF CULTURE IN THE NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIA
Within the nine priorities of Government programmes mentioned in the National Medium Term Development Plan for 2010-2014, culture is strongly viewed as the platform for strengthening the diversity and unity, social reconstruction in development of the nation’s character through education, initiating dialogue among citizens, and empowering domestic strategic economic sectors. Key objectives in implementing this measure include:
- to increase government’s awareness and participation in arts and cultural programmes initiated by the public and improve appreciation towards cultural diversity;
- to provide adequate infrastructure for the development, studies, and presentation of arts and culture in the major cities and capital regencies by October 2012 at the latest, and incentives in the form of facilitation, support, and award for artists who improve the standard and quality of arts and culture; and
- to develop arts such as fine arts, performance arts, media arts, and other culture based creative industries, as well as an adaptive and interactive national film industry towards new positive values.
These measures are embedded in the National Medium Term Development Plan for 2015-2019, with further emphasis on the development of culture-based creative industries, especially in improving appreciation of arts and creativity.
- Programmes in education that emphasize on the importance of character building, so called “mental revolution”, that are strongly related to cultural expressions that appreciate Indonesia’s diversity.
- Programmes related to the values of culture, arts, and films, including improvement in development of national films, film censorship, and management of national galleries, as well as involvement of indigenous peoples.
- Programmes in tourism destinations, including improvement in the development of attractions, involvement of local communities, development of businesses, industries, and investment, and in marketing domestically and abroad, market research, and publications.
In general, for the protection and promotion of diversity of cultural expressions, an increase between 2010 and 2014 was expected in the:
- number of quality national films produced from 75 to 391 titles;
- number of art and cultural works protected under intellectual property rights from 400 to 2000 pieces;
- number of art, cultural, and film works shows, exhibitions, and festivals facilitated from 83 to 415 events; and
- number of facilities for art and cultural works development, study, and shows facilitated from 25 to 529 infrastructures.
The targets illustrate the new Government priority accorded to cultural industries, especially those related to the creative economy, following the creation of the Creative Economy Agency.
State Budget, in the sum of about USD 117,000,000 (approximated currency conversion from Indonesian Rupiah).
Specifically related to the protection and promotion of diversity of cultural expressions, the evaluation revealed:
- increase in the appreciation of arts, culture, and films by the citizens of Indonesia, supported by the facilitation of infrastructure development and arts and cultural shows and festivals in 25 Provinces and 399 Regencies in 2012;
- protection of the intellectual rights of 1,231 pieces of arts and culture;
- development of a National Gallery;
- development of infrastructure and human resources in 25 cultural parks and facilitation of cultural infrastructure in 3,351 schools;
- organization of the first World Culture Forum in Bali in 2013; and
- recognition by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Angklung (2010), Saman Dance (2011), and Noken (2012), as well as recognition of Bali Cultural Landscape (Subak, 2012) as a World Cultural Heritage Site.